Part one: prevalence and health |
The Tobacco Atlas is intended for anyone concerned with personal or political health, governance, politics, economics, big business, corporate behaviour, smuggling, tax, religion, internet, allocation of resources, human development and the future. It will be useful for UN agencies, governments and politicians, health officials, the media, researchers, universities, schools, and the general public. The atlas includes full-colour world maps and graphics, revealing similarities and differences between countries, on the history of tobacco, different types of tobacco use, prevalence and consumption, youth smoking, the economics of tobacco, farming and manufacturing, smuggling, the tobacco industry, promotion, profits, trade, smokers' rights, legislative action such as smoke-free areas, bans on tobacco advertising, health warnings, quitting, the effect of price and taxation, litigation and the future of the epidemic. This book illustrates, in an accessible and creative format, how tobacco is not just a simple health issue, but involves economics, big business, politics, trade, litigation, deceit and crimes such as smuggling. The atlas also shows the importance of a multifaceted approach to reducing the epidemic by WHO, other UN agencies, NGOs, the private sector and, in fact, the whole of civil society. |
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Front matter
Front matter
Foreword, Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland, Director-General, World Health Organization;
preface; acknowledgments; photo credits; about the authors
Part one: prevalence and health
Types of
tobacco use
Different forms of smoking and other forms of tobacco, including cigarettes,
pipes, bidis, kreteks.
Male smoking
Smoking prevalence among men. Trends in selected countries. Smoking among
physicians. Top 10 countries. Tobacco industry quote.
Female
smoking
Smoking prevalence among women. Trends in selected countries. Where women
smoke as much as men. Where men smoke ten times as much as women. Tobacco
industry quote.
Youth
Tobacco use prevalence among male and female youth. Passive smoking. Youth
perception of smoking. Tobacco industry quotes.
Cigarette
consumption
Annual cigarette consumption per person. Top 5 countries. Global increases
from 1880 to 2000. Increases in the average number of cigarettes smoked
in China between 1952 and 1996.
Health
risks
How smoking harms you. Smoking in pregnancy. Deadly chemicals. Proportion
of lung cancer, COPD and ischaemic heart disease. Tobacco industry quotes.
Passive
smoking
Harm caused by passive smoking. Children exposed to passive smoking. Numbers
affected by passive smoking. Tobacco industry quotes.
Deaths
Deaths from tobacco use in men and women. Dying in your prime: 35- to
69-year-olds who die from tobacco. Past and future deaths from tobacco:
1950 to 2030. Deaths in developed and developing countries. Number of
people alive today who will eventually die from tobacco. Tobacco industry
quote.
Part two: the costs of tobacco
Costs
to the economy
Health care costs attributable to tobacco. Working days lost due to tobacco.
Costs of fires and litter collection. Tobacco industry quotes.
Costs
to the smoker
Cost of a pack of Marlboro cigarettes or equivalent international brand.
Minutes of labour worked to buy a packet of cigarettes. The cost of a
pack of Marlboro cigarettes or equivalent international brand compared
with food or clothing.
Growing
tobacco
Land devoted to growing tobacco by country. Leading producers of tobacco
leaves. Deforestation due to tobacco.
Manufacturing
tobacco
Number of tobacco workers by country. Where the tobacco dollar goes. Less
tobacco per cigarette. Additives.
Tobacco
companies
Leading manufacturers by country. The Big Five: revenue and market share
of leading transnational tobacco companies. Tobacco industry quote.
Tobacco
trade
Cigarette exports by country. Top 10 cigarette importers. Top 10 leaf
importers and exporters. US import and export of tobacco leaves and cigarettes.
Smuggling
Estimated smuggled cigarettes as a percentage of domestic sales. Major
recent or current smuggling routes. Global smuggling. Tackling tobacco
smuggling in the UK: projected percentage of market share if action is
or is not taken. Lost revenue in EU. Tobacco industry quote.
Tobacco
industry promotion
Most popular cigarette brand by country. World’s most popular brands.
How the advertising dollar is spent in the USA. Changes in cigarette marketing
expenditure. Tobacco industry quote.
Internet
sales
Internet sales. Internet search for sites. Internet cigarette vendors
in the USA. Test ordering from 12 websites. HM Customs and Excise quote.
User comment posted on website.
Politics
Buying influence: expenditure on lobbying in the USA. Buying favours:
tobacco companies’ contributions to federal candidates in the USA.
Tobacco industry quotes.
Smokers'
rights organizations
Location of smokers’ rights groups worldwide. Tobacco industry quotes.
Tobacco
industry documents
Number of documents found on the Legacy website by country. Tobacco industry
quotes.
Research
Global Youth Tobacco Surveys completed by country. Current foundation
grant recipients. Comparative National Institute of Health expenditure
on tobacco compared with other health problems. Published research: PubMed
search for tobacco compared with other journal topics. Journals devoted
to tobacco control.
Tobacco
control organisations
WHO, international and regional tobacco control organisations. Locations
of all World Conferences. Tobacco industry quote.
Legislation:
smoke-free areas
Where smoking is prohibited or restricted in some areas at work, and where
employers voluntarily prohibit or restrict smoking. Sales before and after
smoking bans in restaurants and bars in California. Nicotine concentration
in public places in Barcelona, Spain. The cost of workplace smoking. Tobacco
industry quote.
Legislation:
advertising bans
Increases and decreases in adult cigarette consumption, and countries
with comprehensive advertising bans in the same period. Effect of advertising
bans. Tobacco industry quotes.
Legislation:
health warnings
Where health warnings are required by law. Impact on smokers of Canadian
warnings. Public support for visible health warnings. Tobacco industry
quote.
Health
education
World No Tobacco Day: participating countries, and themes from 1988 to
2002. Quit & Win campaigns. Tobacco industry quotes.
Quitting
Percentages of ex-smokers. Quitting calendar: the benefits of stopping
smoking. Effects on deaths if smokers quit. Effect of smoking restrictions
at home and at work. Impact of interventions on quitting.
Price
policy
Tobacco tax as a proportion of cigarette price. Cigarette price increases
compared with consumption in the UK. Government income from tobacco. Cigarette
tax as a proportion of price in the USA. Tobacco industry quote.
Litigation
Legal action against the tobacco industry: personal injury, public interest,
non-smokers’ and government lawsuits. Cases brought by the tobacco
industry. Smuggling litigation. Tobacco industry quote.
Projections
by industry
Projected rates of growth and decline of tobacco consumption by country
1998-2008. Regional projections.
The future
Epidemiology, health, economics, the tobacco industry, action taken projected
to 2050.
Table
A: the demographics of tobacco
Population. Adult prevalence. Youth smoking. Youth exposed to passive
smoking. Cigarette consumption. Quitting.
Table
B: the business of tobacco
Land area devoted to growing tobacco; quantity produced. Number of tobacco
workers; number of cigarettes manufactured. Cigarette imports and exports;
tobacco leaf imports and exports. Cost of a pack of Malboro cigarettes
or equivalent international brand; minutes of labour needed to buy a pack
of cigarettes. Tax as a proportion of cigarette price; tobacco tax revenues
as a percentage of total tax revenue. Tobacco industry documents.
Back
matter
Glossary; sources; useful contacts; index